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See How AVR Soft USB Interface Solves Many Problems of Traditional RS232 Interface Data Acquisition

1. IntroductionIn power production and electrical testing, it is often necessary to use portable PC to collect and process data through the interface.

See How AVR Soft USB Interface Solves Many Problems of Traditional RS232 Interface Data Acquisition 1

The commonly used data collector with RS232 serial port does not allow live (hot) plug-in, which is very inconvenient to use. And now most PCs do not have RS232 interface, especially portable computers. Instead, the USB interface. At present, the application of USB soft interface technology of AVR single chip microcomputer is very common. ATMEL company introduces in detail the use of ordinary IO port of AVR single chip microcomputer to realize USB interface function in avr309 software universal serial bus; At the same time, the programming method of ATmega8 program (Firmware) is introduced, and all assembler source codes are provided. Based on the source code, the author optimizes and combines various versions of USB soft interface firmware (original program) by referring to and analyzing different authors. After changing and deleting some programs, the performance is greatly improved. The CPU utilization is much lower than that of the source program. AVR single chip microcomputer ATmega8 has the performance and characteristics of AVR high-grade single chip microcomputer, and the price is only equivalent to that of low-grade single chip microcomputer. Its built-in multi-channel A / D converter meets the needs of analog data acquisition.

2. ATmega8 single chip microcomputerATmega8 is an AVR series single chip microcomputer of ATMEL company. It is an 8-bit single chip microcomputer based on AVR RISC structure produced by low-power CMOS process. Most instructions are executed in a single cycle. Successive approximation ADC with 10 bit accuracyThe ADC is connected with an 8-channel analog multiplexer and can sample 8-channel single ended input voltages from port C.

The single ended voltage input is based on 0V (GND). The ADC includes a sample and hold circuit to ensure that the voltage input to the ADC remains constant during conversion. The ADC is powered separately by the avcc pin. The deviation between avcc and VCC shall not exceed 0.3V. There is a nominal value of 2.56v and avcc reference voltage in the device. The reference voltage can be decoupled by adding a capacitor to the aref pin to better suppress noise.Because of the programmable characteristics of AVR single chip microcomputer in the system, the embedded system of single chip microcomputer can be designed and developed without buying expensive simulators and programmers; At the same time, it also provides a very convenient and simple learning and development environment for beginners of single chip microcomputer. Moreover, it is more comprehensive and perfect in terms of power saving performance, stability, anti-interference and flexibility.Compared with other microcontrollers, ATmega8 single chip microcomputer is simple and easy to use, low cost, low threshold for entering AVR series single chip microcomputer development, rich software resources and easy program development. As ATmega8 single chip microcomputer is a common chip, its characteristics, internal structure and pin description are not introduced in this paper.

3. Hardware circuitThe USB software interface data acquisition hardware circuit based on ATmega8 is very simple. ATmega8 microcontroller as the core, plus a small number of external components (as shown in Figure 1).The pull-up resistor R3 on the USB data line D - in Figure 1 is used for the host to identify the low-speed USB device (defined in the USB specification).

See How AVR Soft USB Interface Solves Many Problems of Traditional RS232 Interface Data Acquisition 2

12Mhz crystal and two 20p capacitors form the clock necessary for the operation of MCU (one data bit of USB has 8 clock cycles).

D is connected to PD2 and is also INT0 pin. D - connected to PD3. Resistors R1 and R2 play the role of current limiting and protection to prevent accidental damage to the USB port of the computer or the port of the single chip microcomputer. The power VCC required by the single chip microcomputer is directly supplied by the 5V power output from the USB port. Because the USB specification specifies that the level range on the data lines D and D - is 3.0V to 3.6V, and D1 and D2 are 3.6V zener diodes to limit the level on the data line. LED1 and R4 in the figure are power indication circuits. Leda1-leda6 and ra1-ra6 are a / D conversion channel indication circuits. L1, C3 and C4 are set according to the A / D conversion accuracy requirements in ATmega8 product instruction manual. Ri1-ri6 and ci1-ci6 are analog signal sampling input settings, and their circuits and parameters change according to different input requirements. J2 in the figure is the analog signal sampling input terminal, which can be connected to single terminal 0-2.56v and 0-5V input analog signals. Measuring AC parameters requires AC signal processing and input; To measure the differential analog signal, the input sampling circuit needs to be changed. The A / D conversion of ATmega16 can be either single ended input or differential input; There are also 2 differential input channels with optional gain of 10 times and 200 times; Just a few more pins, the circuit diagram has changed; The single chip microcomputer software can be compatible and transplanted, and several instructions about a / D conversion differential input and data processing are added. If necessary, please refer to ATmega16 product instruction manual (which can be downloaded from ATMEL's website).

4. ATmega8 single chip microcomputer program (Firmware)This program is based on single chip microcomputer ATmega8, and uses pure software to complete the receiving, sending and decoding of USB protocol, so as to realize the data communication function of USB interface; The analog data acquisition function is realized through the built-in A / D conversion of single chip microcomputer. The USB protocol defines that the communication rate of low-speed USB devices is 1.5m bits / s.If the single chip microcomputer uses the clock frequency of 12 MHz, the main frequency is 8 times that of 1.5MHz. In other words, the single chip microcomputer should accurately complete the acquisition or transmission of one (ordinary IO port) data bit every 8 cycles.

This situation has strict requirements on the timing of single chip microcomputer. Therefore, the core code of single chip microcomputer software must be written in assembly language. ATmega8 chip is AVR Series MCU of ATMEL company. ATMEL website provides AVR studio integrated environment (IDE) development software for free download.Assembly language is directly supported after installation. The firmware program is compiled, compiled and burned with this development software (burning with USB ISP download cable).The program is written in a modular structure. For the coordination and efficiency of each module, the USB interface is set as follows.

Status code = 1: indicates that the control port setup token packet is received (set after receiving the token packet in the interrupt)Status code = 2: indicates that the control port in packet is received (set after the token packet is received in the interrupt)Status code = 3: indicates that the out packet of the control port is received (set after the token packet is received in the interrupt)

Status code = 5: indicates that the data port out packet is received (set after receiving the token packet in the interrupt)Status code = 6: indicates the change of receiving address (set in the main cycle)Operation flag = 2: indicates that the control port setup packet data is received (set after receiving the packet in the interrupt)

Operation flag = 3: indicates that the in packet of the control port is sent (set after the in packet is sent in the interrupt)Operation flag = 4: indicates that the control port in packet is ready (set in the main cycle)Port number = 0: control port

Port number = 1: data in portPort number = 2: data out portPort number = 3: serial port status in port (USB virtual RS232 interface, CDC class specification requirements)

5. Conclusion

The program starts from the system reset, initializes the system (sets the stack address, memory and register initialization, a / D converter initialization) and sets the initial value of the soft USB interface, and then enters the main program to continuously detect the USB reset signal (the two data lines remain at the low level of 10-20ms). In case of reset, when multiple items share a total transmitter, once the total transmitter cannot be found immediately, it will become difficult to retrieve the required items. Therefore, a small transmitter can be installed on one or several items and an alarm can be attached to the total transmitter, so that the transmitter on the item can be used to sense and retrieve the total transmitter, Then use the total transmitter to retrieve the required items. In addition, it has a wide range of applications, such as museums and banks, and the market demand will be relatively large. It is one of the necessary products in modern society. Therefore, it has high promotion value and good application prospects.

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Wireless Keyboard Or Usb Keyboard?
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Some of the Keys on My USB Keyboard Aren't Working?
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How to Make a Better ThinkPad USB Keyboard Adapter
How to Make a Better ThinkPad USB Keyboard Adapter
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In the firmware provided (next step), the matrix will be listed from address 0xF000. The number is the hexadecimal code of the corresponding key in the matrix. You can edit the hex code in this firmware file to change the matrix to a keyboard matrix as needed.I originally planned to write PC software to allow users to customize the matrix and add custom keyboard combinations. However, since not many people will know whether the keyboard socket of laptop is the same as my keyboard socket, it is useless, and adding custom keyboard combinations may slow down the speed of keyboard scanning. The end result may not be worth it.Step 3: DownloadThe project is closed source. Although the source code is written in C, it is divided into many source files and difficult to browse. I think it would be more beneficial to learn from the application notes provided by the microcontroller supplier without proper documentation.You can get the PCB from tindie. They have two flavors. Please select: thinkclamp v0.6.1 revision 1.1 version number difference depends on the type of component used. They all work well, and v0.6.1 may have better electrical stability, but it uses smaller components and therefore may be more difficult to weld, while v0.6.2 remains minimal and easier to weld.Firmware: http://www.mediafire.com/view/15cu8yu3ymbgnbh/thinTo upload firmware: start Ti MSP430 USB firmware upgrade sample software, click "next" and accept the terms unplug the USB. If the cable of the device is plugged in, replace it press and hold the BSL button and insert the cable release the BSL button and the software should now detect the device. select "select firmware" and browse to thinkclamp_ v0.6 txt click upgrade firmware to refresh the deviceStep 1: HardwareI used Texas Instruments (TI) MSP430 launchpad to enter the field of microcontrollers, so I chose to use its USB chip. It turned out to be a rather poor investment. First, since the keyboard will always be plugged into the computer, the ultra-low power function of MSP430 is not required. Second, trackpoint is essentially a PS / 2 mouse. It uses 5V as the power supply. Using the 3.3V MSP430 requires a logic level converter. Third, USB chips are expensive. During the development process, I learned about the v-usb of AVR, which can convert most ATMEL 8-bit microcontrollers into USB microcontrollers. It uses a 5V power cord, which is the same as trackpoint, and the chip will be cheaper. However, it was late because I had spent a lot of time learning MSP430 series, and the AVR development board and programmers exceeded my budget at that time.In general, the keyboard requires a minimum of 28 lines of input / output lines for 16 lines, 8 columns, 1 FN line and 3 PS / 2 lines. Although three PS / 2 lines are required, one of them is used for the controller to reset trackpoint, so only two logic level converters are required.The final hardware design is the minimum requirement for using USB function on MSP430 line. This button is used to refresh the firmware via USB using the bootstrap loader mode of MSP430.From the schematic diagram of ThinkPad T60 computer, it can be found that the keyboard socket used is manufactured by Jae with part number aa01b-s040va1.The goal is to save as much money as possible during the prototyping phase. Since 50X50mm is the smallest and cheapest choice provided by the cheapest PCB manufacturer, the PCB design should adapt to these boundaries.Step 2: SoftwareIn the code, the keyboard matrix consists of the keying codes in the USB HID usage table (page 53). It is written as a one-dimensional array, organized in a manner similar to that shown in the table: 8 rows x 16 columns. In the firmware provided (next step), the matrix will be listed from address 0xF000. The number is the hexadecimal code of the corresponding key in the matrix. You can edit the hex code in this firmware file to change the matrix to a keyboard matrix as needed.I originally planned to write PC software to allow users to customize the matrix and add custom keyboard combinations. However, since not many people will know whether the keyboard socket of laptop is the same as my keyboard socket, it is useless, and adding custom keyboard combinations may slow down the speed of keyboard scanning. The end result may not be worth it.Step 3: DownloadThe project is closed source. Although the source code is written in C, it is divided into many source files and difficult to browse. I think it would be more beneficial to learn from the application notes provided by the microcontroller supplier without proper documentation.You can get the PCB from tindie. They have two flavors. Please select: thinkclamp v0.6.1 revision 1.1 version number difference depends on the type of component used. They all work well, and v0.6.1 may have better electrical stability, but it uses smaller components and therefore may be more difficult to weld, while v0.6.2 remains minimal and easier to weld.Firmware: http://www.mediafire.com/view/15cu8yu3ymbgnbh/thinTo upload firmware: start Ti MSP430 USB firmware upgrade sample software, click "next" and accept the terms unplug the USB. If the cable of the device is plugged in, replace it press and hold the BSL button and insert the cable release the BSL button and the software should now detect the device. select "select firmware" and browse to thinkclamp_ v0.6 txt click upgrade firmware to refresh the deviceStep 1: HardwareI used Texas Instruments (TI) MSP430 launchpad to enter the field of microcontrollers, so I chose to use its USB chip. It turned out to be a rather poor investment. First, since the keyboard will always be plugged into the computer, the ultra-low power function of MSP430 is not required. Second, trackpoint is essentially a PS / 2 mouse. It uses 5V as the power supply. Using the 3.3V MSP430 requires a logic level converter. Third, USB chips are expensive. During the development process, I learned about the v-usb of AVR, which can convert most ATMEL 8-bit microcontrollers into USB microcontrollers. It uses a 5V power cord, which is the same as trackpoint, and the chip will be cheaper. However, it was late because I had spent a lot of time learning MSP430 series, and the AVR development board and programmers exceeded my budget at that time.In general, the keyboard requires a minimum of 28 lines of input / output lines for 16 lines, 8 columns, 1 FN line and 3 PS / 2 lines. Although three PS / 2 lines are required, one of them is used for the controller to reset trackpoint, so only two logic level converters are required.The final hardware design is the minimum requirement for using USB function on MSP430 line. This button is used to refresh the firmware via USB using the bootstrap loader mode of MSP430.From the schematic diagram of ThinkPad T60 computer, it can be found that the keyboard socket used is manufactured by Jae with part number aa01b-s040va1.The goal is to save as much money as possible during the prototyping phase. Since 50X50mm is the smallest and cheapest choice provided by the cheapest PCB manufacturer, the PCB design should adapt to these boundaries.Step 2: SoftwareIn the code, the keyboard matrix consists of the keying codes in the USB HID usage table (page 53). It is written as a one-dimensional array, organized in a manner similar to that shown in the table: 8 rows x 16 columns. In the firmware provided (next step), the matrix will be listed from address 0xF000. The number is the hexadecimal code of the corresponding key in the matrix. You can edit the hex code in this firmware file to change the matrix to a keyboard matrix as needed.I originally planned to write PC software to allow users to customize the matrix and add custom keyboard combinations. However, since not many people will know whether the keyboard socket of laptop is the same as my keyboard socket, it is useless, and adding custom keyboard combinations may slow down the speed of keyboard scanning. The end result may not be worth it.Step 3: DownloadThe project is closed source. Although the source code is written in C, it is divided into many source files and difficult to browse. I think it would be more beneficial to learn from the application notes provided by the microcontroller supplier without proper documentation.You can get the PCB from tindie. They have two flavors. Please select: thinkclamp v0.6.1 revision 1.1 version number difference depends on the type of component used. They all work well, and v0.6.1 may have better electrical stability, but it uses smaller components and therefore may be more difficult to weld, while v0.6.2 remains minimal and easier to weld.Firmware: http://www.mediafire.com/view/15cu8yu3ymbgnbh/thinTo upload firmware: start Ti MSP430 USB firmware upgrade sample software, click "next" and accept the terms unplug the USB. If the cable of the device is plugged in, replace it press and hold the BSL button and insert the cable release the BSL button and the software should now detect the device. select "select firmware" and browse to thinkclamp_ v0.6 txt click upgrade firmware to refresh the device
A Good Quality of Thinkpad Wired Usb Keyboard with Trackpoint
A Good Quality of Thinkpad Wired Usb Keyboard with Trackpoint
What to look for in thinkpad wired usb keyboard with trackpointWe know that there are lots of new products out there, but what do you need to know about the most popular ones? And what do you need to know about the best? If you're looking for a way to save money and use your computer more efficiently, then you need to learn how to use the right type of keyboard. It's not as simple as just plugging in a USB cable and using it. In order to use your computer well, you need to know how to use the right type of keyboard.This is what we are looking for in thinkpad wired usb keyboard with trackpoint. The main thing that we are looking for is a wireless keyboard that has Bluetooth support. It is very important to have Bluetooth support because it will make your life easier when you are working on your laptop. You will be able to use your laptop wirelessly and without any issues.You have to be able to use it in your own home office. I know that you can buy it from Thinkpad, but what do you need to be able to use it in your own home office? If you are going to use it in your home office, then you need to have a USB port on your computer and that port needs to be connected to the computer.People are looking for what they need and not what they want. They want what they want and they don't want what they don't want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want. People are looking for what they need and not what they want.Shopping tips for thinkpad wired usb keyboard with trackpointAs an internet user, you are probably going to be very interested in some of the best ways to use your device to make online shopping easier. It is not only the size of the screen that matters, but also the design of the screen. A good laptop will offer you many different functions and features that will help you make the most of your computer. If you want to use your laptop to shop online, then it is important to choose the right device. There are so many devices out there that you can use to shop online and it is important to know what you are looking for.We have now created a great tool to connect to our Thinkpad Wired USB Keyboard. This tool is designed to make the whole process of connecting to our Thinkpad Wired USB Keyboard much easier. You can use this tool to connect to your Thinkpad Wired USB Keyboard using our wireless network. It will allow you to use your Thinkpad Wired USB Keyboard without having to plug it in. The only thing that you need to do is to set up the connection and then press the button on the back of the Thinkpad Wired USB Keyboard. It will then ask you to enter your name and email address.The price of the Thinkpad is around 0.2 EUR. It is an easy laptop to use and it is very cheap to make. There are many more features that you can use in the Thinkpad than just a keyboard. For example, the Thinkpad has an optical drive, so you can use it to edit your documents and spreadsheets.We use these products because they are really cheap and easy to use. They are small and simple to use. It is very useful for any computer user. You can find them in many stores and online stores. I have bought a few from my local store and it is very cheap. The only problem is that they don't come with any warranty.thinkpad wired usb keyboard with trackpoint for different budgetsYou are downloading Thinkpad Wireless Wired USB Keyboard with Trackpoint for different budgets from Thinkpad.com. Please read carefully and use the data to get the best experience. You can also find more info about Thinkpad Wireless Wired USB Keyboard with Trackpoint for different budgets at Thinkpad.com.We can use our notebooks to make notes, convert text to pictures, etc. or we can use them to work on photos. If we have an open notebook, we can use it to write in it. We can put it in a photo album and keep it there. It's just like using a photo album to store photos.We've all been there. You go to the office, you're supposed to use your laptop to type and that's it. Then you sit down at your desk and start typing and it takes forever. The thing is, when you have a portable device like a laptop or an iPhone, you don't need to type as much. So what do you do? Use it to edit your text. And if you use it to edit your text, it can save you hours of time.solar powered flash drive is cheap but very fast. they are designed to be more compact than most of the larger ones, so you can use them as a power bank or USB port to connect to your smartphone or laptop. they also have some features that will make them useful for any kind of device that needs to be connected to the Internet. they also have built-in GPS for navigation, which will help you get back to your location quickly.I am looking for someone who can make a smart phone or an electric car that is very light and has no drive train. I have been looking for someone who can make a smart phone or an electric car that is very light and has no drive train. I have been looking for someone who can make a smart phone or an electric car that is very light and has no drive train. I have been looking for someone who can make a smart phone or an electric car that is very light and has no drive train.
Thinkpad Wired Usb Keyboard: Get Your Best Deal Today!
Thinkpad Wired Usb Keyboard: Get Your Best Deal Today!
Introduction to thinkpad wired usb keyboardWhen you want to create something that will be of interest to people, you have to start by thinking about how you will make it interesting. That is why a good way to start is to use examples that will make people smile. It is easy to create something that people will enjoy, and if you can put it together in a fun way, it will make people smile.We can be good at something if we try hard enough. There are some things that are really hard to do and some things that are really easy to do. If you want to learn how to do something, then try to do it. It will make you better at doing it. If you want to be a good writer, then try to write good things. It will make you better at writing.For some reason, I've been wanting to say something about how people can make their own workstations and desktop computers more affordable. A few years ago, I bought a cheap desktop computer that I was sure was terrible. It had an old 1-inch screen and it didn't have any memory. I used to use it to record my video of the last date I'd gone to the movies and watch them later. It was just an awful machine. When I moved to a new office, I made the same mistake again. I got a better machine and started using it to do my work.When you think of it, what does it mean to be able to use a USB cable and power supply? If you are using a PC or laptop with a keyboard, what do you need to know about using a USB cable and power supply? When you use a PC or laptop with a keyboard, what do you need to know about using a USB cable and power supply? When you use a PC or laptop with a keyboard, what do you need to know about using a USB cable and power supply?Features of thinkpad wired usb keyboardWith a Thinkpad wired usb keyboard is much easier to use than with a traditional mouse. With a Thinkpad wired usb keyboard you can type quickly and easily, even when you are tired or bored. And it's very fast. So if you have been looking for a reliable and easy to use mouse that will make your life easier, then the Thinkpad wired usb keyboard is the best choice for you. You can use it to work in any office or anywhere in the world.Most of the time when I am using a laptop it is just as easy to type as typing on a tablet. When I use a Thinkpad Wired Keyboard it is very easy to type and write with ease. If you are looking for a laptop that can be used to type on a Thinkpad Wired Keyboard then you will not find a better laptop than the Thinkpad Wired Keyboard. The Thinkpad Wired Keyboard is an amazing laptop that can be used to type on a Thinkpad Wired Keyboard. It is very easy to use and will make your typing experience even easier.We know that some people think that a keyboard is just a piece of hardware and we should use it as much as possible. The truth is that it is more complex than that. It is an integrated system that includes everything that we need to be able to type, get feedback from the computer and control the keys.The company is committed to make sure that its customers have a better experience when using its products. The most important thing to remember is that every device has its own unique capabilities. It is not possible to know what will work on a certain device and what will not work. This makes it difficult to design a product that will work for all devices. In order to be able to provide customers with a better experience, we need to understand how our devices work. We need to know how they are connected to the computer and what functions they perform.Applications of thinkpad wired usb keyboardFor some reason, I've been having trouble with thinking about how to use this set of terminals. It's really hard to put together an idea that makes sense. A lot of people have asked for help with this problem. The first step is to get rid of the switches that control the keyboards. You can find them in the same place as the wires that connect the screen to the mouse. These switches are what allows the users to change the behavior of the computer and its keys. So you can remove the switches and then add a new one that controls the keyboard.The key to using Thinkpad wireless is that it makes use of its interface with your computer. There are many devices that can make use of the interface and these devices include a Thinkpad wireless keyboard, Thinkpad wireless headset, Thinkpad wireless headphones, Thinkpad wireless mouse, Thinkpad wireless printer, Thinkpad wireless speakers, Thinkpad wireless TV, Thinkpad wireless notebook, Thinkpad wireless router, Thinkpad wireless smartwatch, Thinkpad wireless tablets, Thinkpad wireless earbuds, Thinkpad wireless headphones, Thinkpad wireless USB 3.This is what a thinkpad wired usb keyboard looks like. It has many functions that can be implemented in a simple computer. You can make it more powerful by adding features such as memory, sensors, games, etc. Thinkpad wired usb keyboard has an analog interface and it can also use digital functions such as control over voltage, data transfer, etc. A thinkpad wired usb keyboard has been designed to have high power consumption and low power consumption. The main function of a thinkpad wired usb keyboard is to connect to the computer through the USB port and send the data to the computer.Most of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. Most of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. So it is not surprising that most of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. A lot of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. So it is not surprising that most of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. So it is not surprising that most of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized. A lot of the applications that people use in their homes are computerized.Benefits of thinkpad wired usb keyboardYou can use your smartphone to type in an online chat. You can also use your smartphone to send and receive text messages, photos, videos, emails, phone calls, social media posts, files, documents, notes, etc. With the help of a Thinkpad Wired Usb Keyboard, you can make more efficient use of your smartphone and improve your productivity. It is easy to use and requires no software to use. So it is a great tool for everyone who uses a smartphone.Some people don't know that they are typing with their head, and it is easy to become frustrated. A good way to improve your typing skills is to get rid of bad habits and start doing more productive things. You can learn how to use a laptop or an iPad as a writing device by learning how to use it properly. The right way to use a laptop or an iPad is to put it in a central position so that you can concentrate on the task at hand. When you are using a laptop or an iPad, you will be able to focus on what you are doing.We use our laptops for work, play and all kinds of other activities. Our devices also serve as our personal computing tools. For many people, their laptop is their main device for doing everything they need to do in life. It is an essential piece of equipment that is useful for almost every task that we do. When we use our laptops for work, we can be sure that we will be using them for a long time. When we use our laptops for play, we can be sure that we will be using them for a long time.Computers are changing the way we live. People are getting smarter and faster and more sophisticated. They are moving to a different way of living. And what they are doing is using computers to do things that were once done by people in simpler times. Computers are now much more complex than they used to be. They are becoming much more powerful and more advanced than they used to be. And what they are doing is using computers to do things that were once done by people in simpler times. And what they are doing is using computers to do things that were once done by people in simpler times.
Making Custom USB Keyboard
Making Custom USB Keyboard
Step 1: keyboard in actionHere, you can briefly understand the performance of the keyboard in practical applications.The keyboard has two modes - step mode and continuous movement mode/ p》Step 2: collect everything!You will need to:-Arduino Pro micro 32u4 or mouse that mimics a USB PC keyboard-Button switch - I used a very expensive (20 dollars a piece) NKK kp02 switch. I used it from my friends. They are push-button switches with built-in RGB LEDs. But if you don't need fancy led effects, you can use any button switch at will. Alternatively, you can use some switches with regular RGB LED holes to slide in or slide in.-Tlc5940 IC (only if you need led effect). I used the IC itself, but you can use the splitter board if you don't intend to make your own PCB.-3D printer (optional)-PCB making skills (optional)-Basic electronic knowledge-For some time-And nerves:)Step 3: schematic diagramThe schematic diagram is very simple.I use some RC de dithering circuits on the switch (see Figure), so I don't have to worry about the switch bounce in the software. The LED in the switch has a common anode.For tlc5940 LED driver - I made my own PCB and welded the IC directly to the PCB. The resistance between Iref and GND sets the current that drives the LED.If you plan to use a breakout board, review the breakout board schematic. Connecting wires should be very simple.If you use a splitter board as an LED driver, you may not need to use 7 decoupling capacitors.Step 4: PCB and housingPCB is not an essential step in this tutorial, because I use a good program that I don't love my friends, and the purchase cost of my switch is very high, so I believe many of you won't make the PCB I make.I encourage you to use the distribution board and motherboard wiring connection project, or you can design your own PCB to adapt to more economical switches and LEDs.I designed a fast PCB in Altium designer. I use this program because I have a license because I use it every day. I know this program is far less expensive than hobbies.If someone wants Altium or PCB Gerber files to say in the comments, I'll send them to you.The box is drawn in Autodesk Inventor (it's not a good program to love friends, but I also use it at work. I'm used to it). If anyone wants a. STL file for 3D printing, please comment and send it to you.Step 5: SoftwareThe code is generated in the Arduino environment.I use the button library to manage all buttons. It has good functions and can read buttons like key. Uniquepress () and key. Ispressed (), making our life easier.The integrated Arduino keyboard library is used to make the circuit board work like a PC keyboard.Tlc5940 library, used to control LED dimming and complete all beautiful fade in and fade out.I attached the final Arduino code. The key is mapped to an additional image similar to a conventional PC keyboard in the code for ease of processing.Code can be easily modified for various purposes.Step 6: done!
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